I post here the contribution of Ramos to the May 21, 2002 conference. It is in Spanish. Ramos was the originator of the concept of the Monetary Expression of Labour Time (MELT) and a co-founder of TSSI. His intervention into this conference, which takes issue with the ‘physicalist’ conception of value, is of inestimable importance: it asks the basic, and simple question ‘what do we mean by bankruptcy?’